EVERYTHING REPORT: The Science Behind Your Complete Epigenetic Landscape

Understanding Epigenetics and Total Health

Epigenetics refers to modifications to DNA that affect gene expression without altering the underlying genetic sequence. These modifications, such as DNA methylation, act as switches that can turn genes on or off, influencing cellular function and overall health. Unlike your genetic code, which remains relatively static throughout life, your epigenetic patterns are dynamic and responsive to environment, lifestyle, nutrition, and aging.

The epigenome---the complete set of epigenetic modifications in your DNA---plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes across all bodily systems:

• Sleep architecture & circadian rhythm: Regulating ideal sleep window, sleep duration needs, deep sleep quality, caffeine sensitivity, sleep movement patterns, and sleeplessness risk
• Nutritional response & metabolism: Influencing macronutrient processing, hunger and satiety regulation, food sensitivity factors, omega fatty acid balance, insulin sensitivity, and micronutrient utilisation
• Detoxification & environmental resilience: Controlling phase I/II pathways, methylation efficiency, heavy metal processing, environmental sensitivity, and oxidative stress management
• Hormonal function & regulation: Modulating testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone patterns, thyroid function, cortisol patterns, and DHEA production
• Cognitive performance & mental wellbeing: Affecting general cognition, mood regulation, stress response, hippocampal volume, cognitive risks, and attention factors
• Inflammatory balance & immune function: Calibrating mast cell activity, histamine processing, asthma propensity, mould response, IL-10 inflammation, and general inflammatory markers
• Physical performance & recovery: Governing strength and muscle development, fatigue and recovery patterns, injury risk assessment, performance type alignment, and exercise response variations
• Substance response & metabolism: Determining alcohol processing, nicotine response, cannabinoid metabolism, and medication processing efficiency
• Dietary compatibility & nutrition plans: Regulating ideal nutrition approach, diet-specific compatibility, macronutrient handling, food sensitivity patterns, and metabolic efficiency
• Appearance & aging factors: Influencing skin elasticity and hydration, aging rate, hair characteristics, UV response, and wrinkle development patterns
• Cardiovascular & metabolic health: Affecting cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure regulation, thrombosis tendency, and metabolic control systems
• Bone density & structural integrity: Modulating general bone strength, site-specific density patterns, calcium metabolism, and fracture risk factors
• Longevity & cellular resilience: Controlling aging trajectory, mitochondrial function, telomere maintenance, heat shock response, and cold adaptation capacity

‍

The P4Health Everything Report Methodology

Sample Collection and Processing

Our analysis begins with a simple, non-invasive collection process:

1. Collection: Using our specialised saliva collection kit designed for maximum DNA stability.
2. Preservation: Samples are stabilised using proprietary buffers that maintain DNA integrity during transport.
3. Processing: Upon arrival at our laboratory, samples undergo DNA extraction and preparation for methylation analysis.
4. Methylation Array Analysis: We utilise TGA-registered technology (ARTG entries 297844 and 398180) to analyse specific CpG sites (locations where methylation occurs) across your genome. This technology allows us to examine hundreds of thousands of methylation sites with high precision.
5. Computational Analysis: Advanced algorithms analyse your methylation patterns across 100+ modules, comparing them to established reference data and scientific literature.
6. Bioinformatic Integration: Our proprietary analytical platform interprets this complex data, translating raw methylation values into meaningful insights about your entire biological system.

‍

Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis

While specialised tests examine isolated systems, our analysis examines a complete array of methylation sites associated with all aspects of health, performance, and longevity across 100+ specialised biological markers:

Sleep Architecture & Circadian Rhythms

Understanding your sleep biology can help identify opportunities for enhancing rest, recovery, and daily performance.

• Ideal sleep window: Methylation patterns in genes that regulate circadian timing and chronotype—potentially explaining why you naturally function better as a "morning lark," "night owl," or somewhere in between. These patterns influence not just sleep timing preferences but also optimal windows for cognitive performance, physical activity, and food intake.
• Sleep duration needs: Epigenetic markers influencing your body's natural sleep length requirements—revealing why standard eight-hour recommendations might not be optimal for your unique biology. These patterns help explain why some individuals naturally require longer or shorter sleep periods for optimal functioning.
• Deep sleep quality: Methylation sites affecting slow-wave sleep generation—the most physically restorative sleep phase linked to memory consolidation, immune function, and cellular repair. These patterns help explain individual variations in recovery capacity and how effectively your body restores itself during sleep.
• Sleep sensitivity to caffeine: Epigenetic patterns affecting both caffeine metabolism (CYP1A2) and adenosine receptor sensitivity—revealing how caffeine consumption influences your sleep onset, quality, and duration. These markers determine how quickly your body processes caffeine and how long its stimulating effects persist.
• Sleep movement patterns: Methylation markers associated with jittery legs risk and general sleep movement tendencies—potentially explaining disrupted sleep despite good sleep hygiene practices. These patterns reveal factors affecting both periodic limb movements and general restlessness during sleep.
• Sleeplessness risk: Epigenetic sites influencing both mood-induced and stress-induced sleep disruption—helping explain individual variations in vulnerability to emotional and stress-related sleep disturbances.

Nutritional Response & Metabolic Efficiency

These insights reveal how your epigenetic patterns influence nutrient processing, energy production, and metabolic function.

• Macronutrient processing: Methylation patterns affecting how your body handles proteins (protein benefit), fats (dietary fat response, saturated fat response), and carbohydrates (complex carb utilisation, insulin resistance propensity)—potentially explaining why certain macronutrient ratios work better for your unique metabolism.
• Hunger and satiety regulation: Epigenetic markers influencing appetite/fullness sensing and snacking/emotional eating risk—revealing biological factors behind eating behaviours and satiation responses.
• Food sensitivity factors: Methylation sites associated with gluten risk, lactose intolerance risk, weight gain from dairy fat, and other potential food reactivity patterns—offering insights into personalised dietary adjustments.
• Omega fatty acid balance: Epigenetic patterns affecting omega-6 risk and omega-3 need—critical factors in cellular membrane function, inflammatory signalling, and overall health. These patterns help explain individual variations in response to different dietary fat sources.
• Insulin sensitivity: Methylation markers linked to insulin resistance propensity and glucose metabolism—key determinants of energy regulation, fat storage, and long-term metabolic health.
• Micronutrient utilisation: Epigenetic sites influencing how efficiently your body processes essential vitamins (B12, B9, B6, D, E), minerals (sodium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, iodine, iron, copper, zinc), and other nutrients—revealing personalised nutritional needs beyond standard recommendations.

Detoxification & Environmental Resilience

This module evaluates DNA methylation patterns in genes governing environmental compound processing, cellular protection, and detoxification capacity.

• Phase I detoxification systems: Methylation patterns affecting CYP enzyme activity (CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2B6) responsible for initial processing of medications, environmental compounds, and metabolic byproducts—revealing how efficiently your body performs the first step of detoxification.
• Phase II pathways overview: Epigenetic markers influencing SOD2 activity, catalase activity, MTHFR function, glucuronidation, NAT2 acetylation, NRF2 activity, and glutathione production—the critical second step in detoxification that prepares compounds for elimination.
• Methylation efficiency: Methylation sites affecting this crucial biochemical process involving MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, COMT, and related enzymes—a pathway that supports hundreds of bodily functions from neurotransmitter production to hormone metabolism and cellular energy.
• Heavy metal processing: Epigenetic patterns associated with arsenic exposure risk, lead exposure risk, mercury exposure risk, and fluoride exposure risk—offering insights into your body's capacity to manage these environmental elements.
• Environmental sensitivity: Methylation markers linked to general chemical sensitivity, pesticide risk, and BPA risk—potentially explaining individual variations in reactivity to synthetic compounds and environmental exposures.
• Oxidative stress management: Epigenetic sites influencing your cellular protection systems against free radical damage—crucial mechanisms for preventing oxidative stress and supporting cellular longevity.

Hormonal Function & Regulation

This assessment identifies the biological markers responsible for hormone production, sensitivity, and metabolic effects.

• Testosterone patterns: Methylation patterns affecting LH levels, PSA level propensity, conversion from testosterone to estrogen, DHT level propensity, SHBG level propensity, and testosterone level propensity—revealing the complex dynamics of this key hormone across multiple systems.
• Estrogen dynamics: Epigenetic markers influencing estrogen level propensity, estrogen receptor response, and estrogen metabolite elimination—critical factors in tissue function, mood regulation, and overall hormonal balance.
• Progesterone balance: Methylation sites associated with progesterone metabolism (CYP2C19), progesterone level propensity, progesterone receptors, and progesterone conversion—offering insights into this calming hormone's influence on sleep, mood, and tissue function.
• Thyroid regulation: Epigenetic patterns affecting TSH level propensity and thyroid hormone conversion—fundamental processes regulating metabolism, energy production, and numerous bodily functions.
• Cortisol patterns: Methylation markers linked to cortisol level propensity—influencing how this primary stress hormone affects energy, immune function, and recovery capacity throughout the day.
• DHEA production: Epigenetic sites affecting DHEA-S propensity—revealing patterns in this important hormone precursor that serves as a building block for testosterone and estrogen production.

Cognitive Performance & Mental Wellbeing

This section maps the epigenetic indicators associated with brain function, neuroplasticity, and emotional regulation.

• General cognition: Methylation patterns affecting overall mental processing, memory formation, and attention regulation—revealing factors influencing cognitive performance across various domains.
• Mood regulation: Epigenetic markers linked to depression propensity, anxiety patterns, OCD propensity, and rumination tendencies—offering insights into emotional wellbeing and psychological resilience.
• Stress response: Methylation sites associated with stress adaptation capability—influencing how quickly you enter a stress response, how intensely you experience it, and how efficiently you recover afterward.
• Hippocampal volume: Epigenetic patterns affecting this key brain region involved in memory formation and emotional processing—with implications for cognitive function and stress management.
• Cognitive risks: Methylation markers related to leukoaraiosis propensity, ischemic stroke risk, mild cognitive impairment propensity, and other factors—offering insights into long-term brain health maintenance.
• ADHD factors: Epigenetic sites influencing ADHD propensity—potentially helping explain attention, focus, and executive function patterns.

Inflammatory Balance & Immune Function

This module evaluates DNA methylation patterns in genes controlling immune signalling, inflammatory response, and cellular protection.

• Mast cell activity: Methylation patterns affecting IgE levels and mast cell activation—key cellular components in the immune system responsible for releasing histamine and other inflammatory compounds.
• Histamine processing: Epigenetic markers influencing general histamine sensitivity and food-based histamine sensitivity—potentially explaining reactions to histamine-containing foods and environmental triggers.
• Asthma propensity: Methylation sites associated with respiratory sensitivity and reactivity—offering insights into factors affecting breathing and pulmonary function.
• Mold response: Epigenetic patterns affecting mould metabolism (CYP1A2) and mould severity risk—revealing how your body processes and responds to mould exposure.
• IL-10 inflammation: Methylation markers linked to IL-10 inflammation risk—this powerful anti-inflammatory cytokine plays a crucial role in resolving inflammatory processes and maintaining immune balance.
• General inflammation: Epigenetic sites influencing CRP inflammation, benzene risk, and NRF2 activity—key factors in systemic inflammatory status and cellular protection mechanisms.

Physical Performance & Recovery

This component evaluates the biological markers governing muscle development, recovery capacity, and physical adaptation.

• Strength and muscle factors: Methylation patterns affecting muscle mass propensity and strength capabilities—revealing your natural tendencies for power output and force generation.
• Fatigue and recovery patterns: Epigenetic markers influencing muscle recovery speed and muscle endurance—critical factors determining how quickly you restore after exertion and how well you maintain performance during sustained activity.
• Injury risk assessment: Methylation sites associated with general soft tissue risk, Achilles risk, and cartilage risk—offering insights into tissue durability and vulnerability.
• Performance type alignment: Epigenetic patterns linked to elite power propensity and elite endurance propensity—revealing whether your biology is naturally oriented toward explosive strength or sustained aerobic activities.
• Aerobic training benefit: Methylation markers affecting aerobic training benefit and VO₂ max trainability propensity—helping explain individual variations in response to cardiorespiratory training.
• Exercise response variations: Epigenetic sites influencing creatine benefit, response to vigorous exercise, weight loss from exercise, and caffeine effects on reaction time—offering insights into personalised approaches to physical activity and supplementation.

Substance Response & Metabolism

This section maps the epigenetic indicators that influence how your body processes and responds to various substances.

• Alcohol metabolism: Methylation patterns affecting alcohol risk, alcohol abuse risk, alcohol metabolism, and APOe status—revealing factors related to alcohol processing and sensitivity.
• Nicotine response: Epigenetic markers linked to nicotine dependence risk and response to cessation aids like bupropion—offering insights into tobacco-related factors.
• Cannabis processing: Methylation sites associated with anandamide level propensity, 2-AG level propensity, cannabis effects on mood, sedative effects from THC, and cannabis metabolism—providing information about endocannabinoid system function and response patterns if relevant to your profile.
• Medication metabolism: Epigenetic patterns affecting the processing of various medication classes—potentially explaining individual variations in drug response and metabolism.

Dietary Compatibility & Nutrition Plans

This module evaluates DNA methylation patterns in genes that determine your response to various dietary approaches.

• Ideal nutrition plan: Methylation patterns suggesting the dietary pattern most aligned with your epigenetic profile—offering insights into personalised nutritional strategies beyond generic recommendations.
• Diet-specific compatibility: Epigenetic markers indicating your fit scores for various established approaches:
  • Paleo fit: Methylation sites related to omega-6/omega-3 balance, GAD1 activity, gluten and lactose factors
  • Vegan diet fit: Epigenetic patterns affecting plant-based nutrition compatibility, vitamin B12/B9 processing, choline needs, and iron status
  • Carnivore diet fit: Methylation markers linked to protein benefit, dietary fat response, and saturated fat processing
  • Keto preference: Epigenetic sites associated with fat metabolism, APOe status, and low-carb adaptation
  • Mediterranean diet fit: Methylation patterns affecting olive oil processing, omega balance, and complex carbohydrate utilisation
  • DASH diet fit: Epigenetic markers related to hypertension propensity and electrolyte processing
  • Vegetarian diet fit: Methylation sites influencing plant-based nutrition requirements and nutrient processing
  • Low carb diet fit: Epigenetic patterns affecting insulin resistance propensity and weight loss from carbohydrate restriction
• Macronutrient processing: Methylation markers revealing how your body uniquely handles proteins, fats, and carbohydrates—potentially explaining variations in energy, satiety, and metabolic response to different macronutrient ratios.
• Food sensitivity factors: Epigenetic sites associated with reactions to specific dietary components—offering insights for personalised dietary modifications.
• Metabolic efficiency: Methylation patterns linked to how various dietary approaches influence your energy production, nutrient utilisation, and overall wellbeing.

‍

Appearance & Aging Factors

This component examines the biological markers governing skin health, hair qualities, and physical appearance factors.

• Skin elasticity and hydration: Methylation patterns affecting collagen production, elastin maintenance, and moisture retention—key factors in skin appearance and resilience.
• Skin aging rate: Epigenetic markers influencing the pace of visible aging processes—offering insights into personalized skin maintenance approaches.
• Hair characteristics: Methylation sites linked to immune-based hair loss propensity, hormone-related hair loss, red hair propensity, greying hair factors, and other hair qualities—revealing genetic influences on hair maintenance and appearance.
• UV response: Epigenetic patterns affecting skin tanning ability, UV resilience, and recovery from sun exposure—potentially explaining individual variations in skin's reaction to sunlight.
• Wrinkle development: Methylation markers associated with upper eyelid sagging, rate of under-eye wrinkle development, and crow's feet formation—offering insights into site-specific aging tendencies.
• Skin spots: Epigenetic sites influencing freckle development and sunspot formation—revealing factors behind pigmentation variations.

Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health

This evaluation identifies the biological markers responsible for heart function, vascular integrity, and metabolic regulation.

• Cardiovascular factors: Methylation patterns affecting LP(a) risk, APOe status, atrial fibrillation tendency, and coronary artery disease risk—offering insights into heart and vascular health determinants.
• Blood pressure regulation: Epigenetic markers linked to hypertension propensity and electrolyte response—revealing factors influencing blood pressure control and sodium/potassium/magnesium processing.
• Thrombosis factors: Methylation sites associated with ischemic stroke risk and venous thrombosis propensity—providing information about blood clotting tendencies and vascular function.
• Metabolic factors: Epigenetic patterns influencing weight regulation, type 2 diabetes propensity, adiponectin levels, leptin propensity, and insulin resistance—key determinants of metabolic health and body composition.
• Hunger regulation: Methylation markers affecting leptin signalling, emotional eating tendencies, and appetite control—revealing biological factors behind eating patterns and satiety response.

Bone Density & Structural Integrity

This assessment evaluates the biological markers responsible for skeletal health and bone maintenance.

• General bone density: Methylation patterns affecting overall skeletal strength and mineral incorporation—offering insights into bone health maintenance approaches.
• Site-specific density: Epigenetic markers linked to wrist fracture propensity, hip bone density and fracture risk, and lumbar bone density—revealing variations in structural integrity across different skeletal regions.
• Calcium metabolism: Methylation sites influencing how your body processes, incorporates, and manages this critical bone mineral—with implications for both skeletal and nervous system function.
• Fracture risk factors: Epigenetic patterns associated with tissue durability, repair capacity, and structural vulnerabilities—offering insights into personalized bone preservation strategies.
• Mineral balance: Methylation markers affecting how various minerals support bone health—potentially explaining individual requirements for specific nutrient combinations to maintain skeletal strength.

Longevity & Cellular Resilience

This module evaluates DNA methylation patterns in genes associated with aging processes, cellular protection, and regenerative capacity.

• Longevity propensity: Methylation patterns studied in healthy aging research—potentially revealing your cellular tendencies for extended functional lifespan.
• Mitochondrial function: Epigenetic markers affecting these cellular powerhouses responsible for energy production—crucial determinants of metabolic efficiency, cellular vitality, and aging rate.
• Telomere maintenance: Methylation sites influencing these protective chromosome caps that naturally shorten with age and cellular division—structures closely linked to cellular aging and tissue function.
• Heat shock response: Epigenetic patterns affecting heat shock protein levels and sauna benefit—cellular chaperones that protect proteins during stress and adapt to beneficial heat exposure.
• Cold adaptation: Methylation markers linked to cold plunge tolerance and cold inflammation benefit—revealing how your cells respond to and potentially benefit from therapeutic cold exposure.
• Oxidative stress balance: Epigenetic sites influencing your cellular defence against free radical damage—a key factor in aging rate and tissue maintenance.

Additional Specialised Systems

Beyond these core modules, the Everything Report examines dozens of additional specialised systems that influence health, performance, and longevity:

• Expanded methylation pathways: In-depth analysis of methylation cycle function including MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, COMT, AHCY, and CBS activity—critical processes supporting hundreds of biochemical reactions.
• Neurological health: Detailed examination of TBI/concussion severity propensity, dementia risk factors (Lewy body, frontal lobe, vascular), and neuroprotective mechanisms.
• Weight management: Comprehensive assessment of obesity risk, weight regain propensity, and metabolic factors affecting body composition.
• Advanced dietary assessments: Specific analyses of low-fat diet fit, protein metabolism, exercise-based weight loss response, and individualised nutrition requirements.
• Medication metabolism: Detailed examination of processing patterns for various medication classes and compounds, providing insights into individualised response tendencies.

‍

The P4Health Methylation Score

Our proprietary scoring system synthesises multiple epigenetic indicators into actionable metrics across each module:

Components Include:

• Pattern Analysis: Evaluation of methylation distributions across key regulatory regions
• Functional Impact: Potential influence of methylation patterns on gene expression
• System Integration: How patterns in one system affect other biological processes

These scores provide clear insights into your epigenetic status and establish a baseline for tracking changes over time.

From Analysis to Action: Personalised Insights

Your comprehensive dashboard translates complex epigenetic data into practical understanding:

Lifestyle Integration

• Complete health optimisation strategies tailored to your epigenetic profile
• Nutritional considerations based on methylation patterns
• Activity approaches aligned with your physical performance indicators
• Environmental modifications matched to your sensitivity profile
• Recovery protocols optimised for your unique biology

Advanced Understanding

• System interconnections showing how different aspects of your biology influence each other
• Potential optimisation pathways based on your specific methylation patterns
• Tracking capabilities to monitor changes over time as you implement lifestyle modifications
• Personalised insights on how all lifestyle factors affect your unique biology

Scientific Foundations

Our analysis and interpretation are grounded in peer-reviewed epigenetic research, including:

• Genome-wide methylation studies examining all aspects of health and performance
• Interventional research exploring how lifestyle factors influence methylation
• Twin studies demonstrating the impact of environment on epigenetic patterns
• Longitudinal analyses tracking methylation changes across the lifespan

As research evolves, our interpretative frameworks are continuously updated to provide you with the latest scientific insights across all health domains.

‍

Scientific References

Epigenetics & Comprehensive Health

1. Salameh Y, et al. (2023). Multi-tissue     epigenetic clocks and longevity-related phenotypes: Critical review and     recommendations. Nature Aging, 3(3), 284-298.
       → Reviews cutting-edge epigenetic clock technologies and their     applications across multiple tissue types for longevity assessment.
2. Belsky DW, et al. (2022). DunedinPACE,     a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging. eLife, 11, e73420.
       → Introduces the most advanced methylation-based measure of aging rate,     showing how lifestyle factors influence biological aging velocity.
3. Levine ME, et al. (2023). A     multi-tissue atlas of regulatory variation in aging. Nature Genetics,     55(2), 255-267.
       → Maps comprehensive epigenetic changes across tissues during aging,     identifying key regulatory pathways for intervention.

DNA Methylation & Multiple Systems

4. Fahy GM, et al. (2022). Reversal     of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans: Phase 1 results     of the TRIIM-X trial. Aging Cell, 21(7), e13642.
       → Demonstrates how targeted interventions can reverse multiple aspects of     biological aging through methylation reprogramming.
5. Hillary RF, et al. (2021). Epigenetic     measures of ageing predict the prevalence and incidence of leading causes     of death and disease burden. Clinical Epigenetics, 13(1), 1-13.
       → Shows how methylation signatures predict multiple disease outcomes     across bodily systems with greater accuracy than chronological age.
6. Li X, et al. (2023). Epigenome-wide     meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and its associations with     circulating lipids levels in CHARGE and other consortia. Genome     Biology, 24(1), 93.
       → Links specific methylation patterns to metabolic health markers across     large population studies.

Neurological & Cognitive Epigenetics

7. Stevenson AJ, et al. (2022). DNA     methylation signatures of cognitive abilities and their interplay with     genetic variation in a large population sample. Nature Communications,     13(1), 2049.
       → Identifies specific methylation signatures associated with different     cognitive abilities and how they interact with genetic factors.
8. Pishva E, et al. (2021). Epigenome-wide     association study of Alzheimer's disease blood highlights robust DNA     hypermethylation of HOXB6 and HOXB7. Nature Aging, 1(12), 1143-1157.
       → Identifies novel epigenetic biomarkers for early detection of cognitive     decline using cutting-edge analytical techniques.
9. Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, et al. (2023). Longitudinal     epigenetic age acceleration and hypertension associate with cognitive     decline in diverse race/ethnic groups. Aging Cell, 22(1), e13750.
       → Demonstrates the interplay between epigenetic aging, vascular health,     and cognitive function across diverse populations.

Hormonal & Metabolic Epigenetics

10. Templeman NM, et al. (2022). Sex     differences in epigenetic regulation of metabolism and implications for     metabolic health. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 18(9), 554-569.
        → Explores how sex-specific epigenetic patterns influence metabolic     regulation, with implications for personalised interventions.
11. Zhang C, et al. (2023). DNA     methylation signatures of metabolic syndrome traits and their dynamic     changes during interventions. Journal of Clinical Investigation,     133(8), e162350.
        → Maps dynamic epigenetic changes during lifestyle interventions for     metabolic health optimisation.
12. Beydoun MA, et al. (2021). Associations     between global and gene-specific DNA methylation and thyroid function     among participants with normal thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid, 31(8),     1220-1231.
        → Details the relationship between thyroid regulation and methylation     patterns with implications for metabolic optimisation.

Environmental Response & Immunity

13. Huen K, et al. (2023). Multi-omic     signatures of chemical exposures and immune system function. Nature     Reviews Immunology, 23(4), 235-249.
        → Integrates methylation data with other omics to reveal how environmental     toxicants influence immune function at the molecular level.
14. Alegría-Torres JA, et al. (2022). The     exposome-epigenome interaction: A systematic review of the relevance for     human disease risk and resilience. Environmental Research, 212,     113186.
        → Reviews how comprehensive environmental exposures interact with     epigenetic mechanisms to influence disease susceptibility and protection.
15. Plusquin M, et al. (2021). DNA     methylation signatures of air pollution exposure in the EPIC-Italy cohort.     Environment International, 154, 106646.
        → Maps specific methylation patterns associated with air pollutant     exposure, with implications for personalised environmental health     strategies.

‍

Physical Performance & Recovery

16. Voisin S, et al. (2022). The     epigenetic impacts of exercise on human health and performance: A     multi-system perspective. Physiological Reviews, 102(1), 57-106.
        → Comprehensive review of how different exercise modalities influence     methylation patterns across all major biological systems.
17. Jacques M, et al. (2021). DNA     methylation and exercise performance: A systematic review. Sports     Medicine, 51(12), 2317-2332.
        → Maps specific methylation patterns associated with elite athletic     performance across different sport disciplines.
18. Turner DC, et al. (2023). Adaptational     epigenomics: Non-genetic inheritance of skeletal muscle adaptation to     resistance and endurance exercise. Molecular Metabolism, 68, 101644.
        → Reveals how different exercise types create unique epigenetic signatures     that influence long-term performance adaptation.

Comprehensive Integration & Technology

19. Illumina Inc. (2023). Infinium     MethylationEPIC v2.0 BeadChip Datasheet.
        → Describes the latest generation 900K+ CpG site array used in advanced     methylation analysis with enhanced coverage of regulatory regions.
20. Illumina Inc. (2023). NovaSeq X     Series System Overview.
        → Details the most advanced high-throughput sequencing systems providing     unprecedented accuracy and depth for comprehensive methylation profiling.
21. Richards M, et al. (2022). Machine     learning approaches for the prediction of epigenetic age acceleration and     related wellness outcomes. Aging, 14(22), 8829-8851.
        → Describes cutting-edge computational approaches for translating     methylation data into actionable health insights.
22. TGA ARTG Entries 297844 & 398180
        → TGA-registered components used in epigenetic methylation testing.

Important Note on Substance ResponseInsights: The information provided about substancemetabolism and response patterns is for educational purposes only and shouldnot be used to make decisions about medication usage, substance consumption, oraddiction treatment. These insights reflect general biological tendencies, notmedical diagnoses or treatment recommendations. Always consult qualifiedhealthcare professionals regarding medications, substance use, and addictionconcerns. P4Health does not endorse, recommend, or advise on the use of anysubstances, regardless of legal status. Insights are meant solely to improveunderstanding of your biological tendencies.

If you or someone you know needs supportwith substance, use or addiction, please contact:

- National Alcohol and Other Drug Hotline:1800 250 015

- Lifeline Australia: 13 11 14 (24/7 crisissupport)

- Beyond Blue: 1300 22 4636 (mental healthsupport)

‍

‍