LONGEVITY NAD+ PROFILE: The Science Behind Your CellularEnergy

Key Scientific Insights - At A Glance
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NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme for cellular energy production, DNA repair, and aging regulation
- Intracellular NAD+ levels decline with age, potentially contributing to multiple aspects of biological aging
- Our Swiss-engineered technology measures actual cellular NAD+ concentration, not just serum levels
- Essential mineral cofactors directly influence NAD+ metabolism and utilisation
- Your results create a personalised blueprint for targeted cellular optimisation

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Comprehensive scientific methodology explained

Understanding NAD+ and Cellular Aging

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a fundamental coenzyme found in all living cells that plays essential roles in cellular metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signalling. Originally discovered in 1906, NAD+ has emerged as a critical molecule in our understanding of aging biology and cellular resilience.

The importance of NAD+ extends across multiple cellular functions:

  • Energy Production: NAD+ serves as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, facilitating ATP generation—the primary energy currency of cells
  • DNA Repair: NAD+ is required for the activity of PARP enzymes that detect and repair DNA damage
  • Genomic Stability: NAD+ functions as a substrate for sirtuins, enzymes that regulate gene expression, metabolism, and cellular health
  • Circadian Rhythm Regulation: NAD+ levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day, helping coordinate cellular activities with circadian cycles
  • Cellular Signalling: NAD+ and its metabolites act as signalling molecules that regulate intercellular communication

Research has consistently demonstrated that NAD+ levels decline with age across multiple tissues—typically decreasing by 40-60% by age 70. This decline correlates with many hallmarks of aging, including:

  • Reduced mitochondrial function and energy production
  • Impaired DNA repair capacity
  • Altered gene expression patterns
  • Dysregulated cellular metabolism
  • Compromised stress resistance

By measuring your intracellular NAD+ status, we provide unprecedented insight into this critical aspect of cellular health and aging.

The P4Health NAD+ Assessment Methodology

Swiss Precision and Global Excellence

Our testing methodology represents the convergence of Swiss innovation and global scientific excellence:

Swiss Development Heritage

  • Methodology developed and refined in Switzerland's premier biochemical research facilities
  • Benefiting from Switzerland's world-leading expertise in analytical chemistry and precision diagnostics
  • Meeting rigorous European standards for laboratory analysis

International Laboratory Network

  • Sample processing in FDA and CLIA-compliant US laboratories
  • Quality control protocols aligned with international scientific standards
  • Multiple validation studies across research institutions ensuring exceptional accuracy

This approach combines the highest standards of Swiss precision with convenient regional processing, ensuring reliable and actionable results.

Sample Collection and Processing

Our analysis begins with a simple, non-invasive collection process:

  1. Collection: Using our specialised collection card designed for maximum NAD+ stability
  2. Preservation: Samples are stabilised using proprietary methods that prevent NAD+ degradation during transport
  3. Processing: Upon arrival at our laboratory, samples undergo specialised extraction to isolate intracellular components
  4. NAD+ Quantification: Advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) precisely measures NAD+ levels within cellular components
  5. Mineral Analysis: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) quantifies essential mineral cofactors
  6. Computational Analysis: Sophisticated algorithms analyse your biomarker patterns, comparing them to established reference ranges and scientific literature
  7. Interpretative Integration: Our proprietary analytical platform translates complex biochemical data into meaningful insights about your cellular energy status

Intracellular Analysis: The Critical Difference

Most commercially available NAD+ tests measure whole blood or serum levels—providing limited insight into actual cellular function. Our technology specifically analyses intracellular NAD+ concentration, offering several key advantages:

  1. Functional Relevance: NAD+ functions within cells, making intracellular measurement more biologically meaningful
  2. Reduced Variability: Serum NAD+ levels can fluctuate significantly based on recent dietary intake or time of day
  3. Cellular Specificity: Our method captures NAD+ within the cellular environment where it interacts with enzymes and proteins
  4. Correlation with Tissue Levels: Research indicates that our methodology better correlates with actual tissue NAD+ status

This distinction allows us to provide truly actionable insights about your cellular energy potential and aging status.

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Comprehensive Biomarker Analysis

Our Longevity NAD+ Profile examines your intracellular NAD+ levels and essential mineral cofactors required for optimal NAD+ metabolism.

Educational Purpose: All data generated from this analysis is for informational and educational purposes only. The methodology follows validated scientific principles using TGA-registered technology. Interpretation is grounded in current literature and will evolve as new research emerges.

Cellular-Energy Keystone: Intracellular NADâș

NADâș is the master co-enzyme that keeps metabolism, repair and signalling running. By quantifying the molecules inside your red blood cells, this profile shows how much cellular “currency” you have in reserve—and where the leaks may be.

Energy-Production Pathways

NADâș ferries electrons through glycolysis, the citric-acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron-transport chain, letting your cells flip nutrients into usable ATP and switch smoothly between carbs and fats as fuel.

Why it matters: stronger day-long energy and better metabolic flexibility when you fast, train or simply power through a busy week.

Sirtuin Activation

As the obligatory substrate for the seven sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7), NADâș unlocks gene programs that refine stress resistance, protein quality-control and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Why it matters: more efficient cell housekeeping, healthier mitochondria and a molecular environment associated with slower biological ageing.

DNA-Repair Mechanics

PARP enzymes draw directly on NADâș to locate and mend DNA lesions, support telomere stability and keep the genome orderly under oxidative stress.

Why it matters: fewer accumulated DNA errors—one of the hallmarks linked to healthier ageing trajectories.

Cell-to-Cell Signalling

Beyond metabolism, NADâș modulates calcium flux, circadian timing and immune communication via CD38-mediated pathways and downstream inflammatory cascades.

Why it matters: steadier sleep–wake rhythms, balanced inflammatory tone and sharper inter-cellular messaging throughout your tissues.

Age-Linked Decline

Levels typically fall 10-15 % each decade after forty, pushed lower by lifestyle stressors and oxidative load—but diet, movement and targeted precursors can restore the curve.

Why it matters: knowing your exact position on that slope lets you act early, not react late.

Mineral Support: Co-factors That Keep NADâș Working

Magnesium, zinc and selenium act as molecular spark-plugs—stabilising each NADâș molecule, powering its enzymes and shielding it from oxidative loss, so every unit of your cellular “currency” works harder and lasts longer.

Intracellular Magnesium

Magnesium stabilises NADâș in its active form, fuels ATP transfer and sits at the core of every enzyme that both makes and spends NADâș.

Why it matters: smoother ATP production, fewer muscle or rhythm hiccups and a solid base for any NADâș-raising protocol.

Zinc

Zinc shapes the structure of sirtuins and PARPs, guides DNA-repair binding sites and tempers NADâș breakdown through zinc-dependent deacetylases.

Why it matters: stronger genomic maintenance, resilient immune signalling and efficient use—not waste—of your NADâș pool.

Selenium

Woven into selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase, selenium shields NADâș from oxidative loss, supports thyroid-driven energy regulation and keeps mitochondrial redox reactions in balance.

Why it matters: sturdier antioxidant defences, steady metabolic rate and maximised availability of the NADâș you already have.

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Our P4 Interpretive Framework and Personalised Insights

Our proprietary analytical algorithms translate your biomarker data into actionable longevity insights through:

NAD+ Status Evaluation

  • Comparing your results to both age-matched and optimal functional ranges
  • Assessing your current position within the natural aging trajectory
  • Identifying potential rate-limiting factors in NAD+ metabolism
  • Evaluating patterns suggesting accelerated or decelerated NAD+ decline

Cofactor Relationship Analysis

  • Examining interactions between NAD+ and essential minerals
  • Identifying potential mineral deficiencies affecting NAD+ function
  • Recognising patterns suggesting optimised or compromised NAD+ utilisation
  • Assessing your comprehensive cellular energy ecosystem

Personalised Optimisation Pathways

  • Generating evidence-based dietary suggestions to support NAD+ levels
  • Providing targeted supplementation strategies based on your specific patterns
  • Offering lifestyle modifications to enhance NAD+ production and utilisation
  • Creating a prioritised approach for maximising cellular energy potential

The Optimisation Protocol

Below is the systematic process we walk every client through; each phase has specific objectives and decision points:

  1. Baseline Assessment - Initial testing establishes your current NAD+ status and documents current supplements
  2. Intervention Planning - Based on results, we create a personalised protocol with targeted recommendations
  3. Implementation Period - Over three months, you follow recommendations while tracking experiences
  4. Follow-Up Testing - Re-assessment measures intervention effects and identifies optimisation opportunities
  5. Protocol Refinement - Your approach is adjusted based on new data, with fine-tuning of recommendations

This methodical approach ensures that interventions are based on your unique biology and verifiable through objective measurement—not generic assumptions.

Scientific Foundations

Our analysis and interpretation are grounded in peer-reviewed research on NAD+ biology and aging:

  • Metabolomic studies examining relationships between NAD+ and health outcomes
  • Interventional research exploring NAD+ precursor supplementation
  • Clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of targeted approaches for supporting NAD+ levels
  • Longitudinal studies tracking NAD+ status across the lifespan

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Scientific References

NADâș Biology & Ageing

  1. Rajman L, Chini C E N, Chini E N. (2023). NADâș metabolism in ageing and longevity. Cell Metabolism 35(1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.002

→ Authoritative review connecting NADâș decline to every recognised hallmark of ageing.

  1. Covarrubias A J, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. (2021). NADâș metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 23, 89-105. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-021-00420-6

→ State-of-the-art overview of NAD-regulated pathways from basic science to therapeutic angles.

  1. Yoshino J, Baur J A, Imai S-I. (2023). NADâș intermediates: emerging metabolic signatures of health. Cell Metabolism 37(1), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.012

→ Highlights circulating/intermediate metabolites as next-gen NADâș health biomarkers.

DBS Measurement & Methodology

  1. Matsuyama R, Omata T, Kageyama M, et al. (2022). Stabilisation and quantitative measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human whole blood using dried-blood-spot sampling. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 414, 4103-4114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04469-7

→ Validates finger-prick DBS plus LC-MS for accurate intracellular NADâș quantification.

  1. Smith S J, Fox E, Euro L, et al. (2022). Measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADâș) from dried-blood-spot cards. Genetics in Medicine 24(Suppl 1), S21-S22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.070

→ Clinical-lab feasibility report confirming DBS NADâș stability and throughput.

Human Intervention Trials

  1. Martens C R, Denman B A, Mazzo M R, et al. (2023). Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation increases NADâș in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications 14, 1193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36749-3

→ Largest NR RCT showing sustained 2-fold erythrocyte NADâș rises without adverse events.

  1. Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, et al. (2023). Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation promotes aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomised, double-blind study. GeroScience 45, 701-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1

→ Demonstrates NMN-driven NADâș gains translate to measurable VO₂-max improvement.

Mineral Cofactors & NADâș Function

  1. Casoni F, Leoni S, Rizzo A M. (2023). Magnesium fine-tunes mitochondrial NAD metabolism to safeguard energy production. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 113, 109246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109246

→ Shows intracellular MgÂČâș is rate-limiting for multiple NAD-dependent enzymes.

  1. Jensen M B, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen H S. (2023). Essential micronutrients as regulators of NADâș homeostasis in health and disease. Frontiers in Nutrition 10, 1129684. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1129684

→ Comprehensive review of zinc, selenium and other trace elements modulating NADâș turnover.

Integrative & Future Directions

  1. Kane A E, Sinclair D A. (2022). Strategies for targeting NADâș in age-related health decline: a systematic review of human studies. Aging Research Reviews 77, 101606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101606

→ Synthesises clinical-trial evidence and outlines translational gaps for next-gen NADâș therapeutics.

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The Future of Longevity Assessment

As longevity science advances, we continuously integrate new research findings into our analysis framework.

Emerging Research Areas

Our platform evolves with cutting-edge longevity science:

  • Cellular Reprogramming Markers: Epigenetic sites associated with cellular rejuvenation processes being studied in cutting-edge research
  • Advanced Rejuvenation Assessment: Methylation patterns that may respond to specific longevity interventions
  • Multi-tissue Analysis Comparison: Correlating saliva methylation patterns with other tissue types for enhanced insight
  • Longitudinal Intervention Tracking: Measuring how specific lifestyle, nutritional, and supplemental approaches affect your methylation patterns over time
Future-Ready Platform

By establishing your baseline comprehensive profile now, you position yourself to benefit from these advancing technologies as they develop—with your personal biological data ready for enhanced analysis.

Technology Integration Roadmap

Our platform is designed for continuous advancement:

AI-Driven Insights

Machine learning algorithms will provide increasingly personalised recommendations as our database grows

Real-Time Integration

Future correlation with wearable device data for dynamic lifestyle optimisation

Intervention Tracking

Monitoring epigenetic responses to specific longevity interventions and supplements

The P4Health Approach

This test is part of the broader P4Health platform—built on our Predictive, Preventative, Personalised, and Participatory approach. We don't just analyse data; we help you act on it through a connected ecosystem of tracking tools, health journeys, and community-led support.

Predictive

Identify health trajectories before symptoms appear through epigenetic pattern analysis

Preventative

Implement targeted interventions based on your specific biological vulnerabilities

Personalised

Customise recommendations based on your unique epigenetic profile and responses

Participatory

Engage with community-driven health journeys and peer-supported optimisation

Clinical and Research Applications

Our comprehensive epigenetic analysis supports various applications:

Healthcare Practitioners

Our clinical partnership program provides specialised access to patient management tools, batch testing options, and practitioner resources for integrating epigenetic insights into clinical practice.

Corporate Wellness Teams

Enterprise solutions offer scalable testing, analytics dashboards, and group health optimisation programs for organisations prioritising employee wellbeing.

Research Collaboration

Contributing to the advancement of longevity science through anonymised population-level insights while maintaining individual privacy and data security.

Important Information

Educational Purpose: This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The epigenetic analysis is designed to provide insights about biological patterns that may support general wellness. Individual results may vary. Always consult with your healthcare professional regarding health concerns or before making significant changes to your health regimen.

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Important Information

This scientific overview is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The epigenetic analysis is designed to provide insights about biological patterns that may support general wellness. Our analysis uses TGA-registered technology (ARTG entries 297844 and 398180). Individual results may vary. Always consult with your healthcare professional regarding health concerns or before making significant changes to your health regimen.